Category: PHP

WordPress Meetup Tokyo — WordPress Server Optimization

I recently gave a quick talk about how I use Nginx, HHVM, MariaDB with WordPress on this blog at the March WordPress Meetup in Tokyo. Here are the slides:

I’ve published a Vagrant template for the setup detailed in the slides.

HHVM and WordPress

Update 2014/4/17: This site now runs WordPress 3.9, which seems to be working fine with HHVM. Also, compatibility has improved, thanks to a patch in the WordPress core specifically for HHVM.

I recently posted about how I switched out PHP-FPM (PHP’s FastCGI pool) for HHVM. Today I’ll be talking more about the install process on the server, and using it to set up WordPress.

What is HHVM?

This is usually what happens in a (successful) startup1:

  1. Initial codebase is written in an interpreted language, trading agility and developer productivity for slower response speeds and increased CPU usage on the servers.
  2. The service sees new users coming in and the initial codebase becomes strained.
  3. The service scales up the number of servers, but hits a wall.
  4. The codebase is re-written, either wholly or partially, in to a more performant and efficient language.

Facebook did steps 1 to 3, but refused to do step 4. Compiled languages, while having strengths in performance and efficiency, are usually harder to program in than interpreted languages. So, Facebook made something called HipHop for PHP. HipHop for PHP, or HPHPc for short, compiles PHP into C++, then compiles that into a big binary file. This allows PHP developers to do what they do best — develop in PHP, without worrying (too much) about performance.

As Facebook grew even more, HPHPc began to show its limitations2.

Out of this, came HHVM. HHVM is short for HipHop Virtual Machine, and uses a Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler to run PHP code. The main benefit developers do not need compile the whole binary every time they want deploy new code. With HHVM, Facebook has also worked towards full PHP 5.53 support, support of create_function() and eval(), enabling the majority of PHP application frameworks to work with HHVM.

This includes…

WordPress

WordPress is written in PHP, and runs very well on HHVM. Previously, getting WordPress to work on HHVM required some patches to the core code4, but these issues have been resolved.

I’ve been running this blog on HHVM for about a week now, and response time is consistently 10x faster than before — 100x if using something like Batcache.

Installation

This server is running CentOS 6.3. While there are packages with HHVM pre-compiled, these packages are not officially supported by Facebook, and are usually compiled by individuals. Your mileage may vary, but package conflicts prevented me from installing any pre-compiled HHVM packages — so I had to compile it myself.

If you plan on running a server with HHVM from scratch, I highly recommend using Ubuntu, and the official precompiled packages for Ubuntu 13.10 / 12.04.

Bugs / Things to watch out for

Because HHVM is not PHP, you may occasionally run into unexpected behavior. Here are some problems I had while setting this site up:

  • No MySQLi support — this means tools like phpMyAdmin and database backup plugins that rely on MySQLi won’t work. Edit: HHVM 3.0 and above have MySQLi built in.
  • In the WordPress “General Settings” area, setting “Timezone” to something like “Asia/Tokyo” caused WordPress to crash. The “UTC +/- (hour)” settings seem to work fine.

That’s all, for now. When I run into more problems, I’ll make sure I post about them (with a workaround, if available).

  1. Twitter is (in)famous for its use of Ruby on Rails, which eventually had to be re-written in Scala, a language that runs on the JVM.↩

  2. Compile time, compiled binary size, lack of MARKDOWN_HASH0f953f8e8cc058300e5041e6f079ab63MARKDOWN_HASH and MARKDOWN_HASH346e614b0b5901e8cdf0ca89b1b3950cMARKDOWN_HASH support, to name a few.↩

  3. Wow HHVM is fast…too bad it doesn’t run my code↩

  4. Getting WordPress running on HHVM « HipHop Virtual Machine↩

Becoming a better PHP developer

There’s no denying that PHP is not the optimal language. But at least code in good PHP. Here’s my pet peeve for the day:

Relative paths in include(_once)? or require(_once)? statements.

// WRONG
require_once("./include_me.php");
// RIGHT
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . "/include_me.php");

Why? Basically, performance. PHP doesn’t look through all its search paths for absolute paths, saving those precious system calls. This effect is compounded when you’re using the APC cache with apc.stat = 0 (it won’t even cache files that are referred to with a relative path)